Robonaut 2, also known as R2, is a humanoid robot developed by NASA with General Motors and Oceaneering for research and spaceflight applications.
- Company
- NASA / JPL
- Country
- United States
- Status
- Retired
- Generation
- —
- Category
- Space
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Robonaut 2, also known as R2, is a humanoid robot developed by NASA with General Motors and Oceaneering for research and spaceflight applications.
- Company
- NASA / JPL
- Status
- Retired
- Generation
- —
- Category
- Space
Quick specs
Top Speed
2 m/s (arms)
DOF
42
Payload
18 kg
Hand grasp force
≈2.3 kg per finger
Processors
38 PowerPC processors
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Technical dossier
Technical narrative
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History
Robonaut 2 was developed by NASA with General Motors and Oceaneering. NASA unveiled R2 in February 2010 and launched it to the ISS aboard STS-133 in February 2011.
Purpose
R2 was designed as a dexterous humanoid assistant for EVA-style tasks, tool use, and human-robot collaboration research aboard the space station.
Highlights
R2 became the first US-built robot on the ISS. NASA returned R2 to Earth in 2018 for repairs; as of 2024 it is on display at the Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center.
Development
R2 was modified for ISS operations with flammability-compliant materials, radiation-tolerant processors, and station power interfaces. Leg modules were delivered in 2014 for interior mobility experiments.
Future Roadmap
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